Method And System For Utilizing Radio-Opaque Fillers In Multiple Layers Of Golf Balls

ABSTRACT

A golf ball comprising layers that have from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a radio-opaque filler, and wherein the concentration of the radio-opaque filler is measurably different in each layer is disclosed herein. The radio-opaque filler is preferably a compound based on barium, bismuth, tungsten, iodine, or reduced iron.

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The Present application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 17/322,584, filed on May 17, 2021, whichclaims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/030,494,filed on May 27, 2020, each of which is hereby incorporated by referencein its entirety.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not Applicable

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to radio-opaque fillers for a golf ball.

Description of the Related Art

X-ray scanning has been used in the past for golf balls.

Marshall et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,390,937 for a Method For Verifying TheConcentricity Of A Multiple-Layer Golf Ball discloses using an X-rayimaging machine to determine the thickness at various locations of agolf ball to ensure concentricity of the golf ball

The prior art fails to disclose imaging of multiple layers on a ballthrough any number of X-ray analysis techniques.

Determination of layer thickness or eccentricity in golf balls via X-rayhas been disclosed in prior art. This involves doping a layer with aradio-opaque filler to provide contrast with other layers. However, theprior art refers to only doping a single layer to make measurements.Furthermore, it refers to very specific loadings, materials, and X-rayprocesses. This art is limiting in that it does not allow for imaging ofmultiple layers on the ball through any number of X-ray analysistechniques.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is the doping of multiple golf ball layers withthe same or different concentrations of the same or differentradio-opaque fillers to provide differential contrast in an X-rayprocess.

Another aspect of the present invention is a golf ball comprising acenter core comprising polybutadiene and a cover layer disposed over thecenter core. Each of the center core and the cover layer comprises from0.05% to 70% by weight of radio-opaque filler, and the center core has aconcentration of the radio-opaque filler that is measurably differentthan a concentration of radio-opaque filler in the cover layer.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is a golf ball comprising acenter core comprising polybutadiene, an outer core disposed over thecenter core, an inner mantle layer disposed over the outer core, anouter mantle layer disposed over the inner mantle layer, and a coverlayer disposed over the outer mantle layer. Each of the center coreouter core, the inner mantle layer, the outer mantle layer and the coverlayer comprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of radio-opaque filler. Eachof the center core, outer core, the inner mantle layer, the outer mantlelayer and the cover layer has a concentration of the radio-opaque fillerthat is measurably different than a concentration of radio-opaque fillerin any other layer. The inner mantle layer has a thickness ranging from0.03 inch to 0.09 inch. The inner mantle layer is composed of an ionomermaterial. The inner mantle layer material has a plaque Shore D hardnessranging from 34 to 55. The outer mantle layer has a thickness rangingfrom 0.025 inch to 0.050 inch. The cover layer has a thickness rangingfrom 0.025 inch to 0.040 inch.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is a center core, an outercore, and a cover layer disposed over the outer core. Two of the centercore, outer core and the cover layer comprises from 0.05% to 70% byweight of a radio-opaque filler, and wherein the two of the center core,outer core and the cover layer has a concentration of the radio-opaquefiller that is measurably different than a concentration of radio-opaquefiller in the other layer.

Another aspect of the present invention is a method for utilizing animaging machine to determine a parameter of a finished golf ball. Themethod includes loading a golf ball into an imaging machine. The methodalso includes imaging the golf ball to determine a parameter of the golfball. The golf ball comprises a center core and a cover layer disposedover the center core. Each of the center core and the cover layercomprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a radio-opaque filler. Thecenter core has a concentration of the radio-opaque filler that ismeasurably different than a concentration of radio-opaque filler in thecover layer.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is a golf ball comprising acenter core comprising polybutadiene and a cover layer disposed over thecenter core. The center comprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a firstradio-opaque filler and the cover layer comprises from 0.05% to 70% byweight of a second radio-opaque filler that is different from the firstradio-opaque filler and has a different contrast from the firstradio-opaque filler in an X-ray image.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is a center core, an outercore, and a cover layer disposed over the outer core. The center corecomprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a first radio-opaque filler.The outer core comprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a secondradio-opaque filler and the cover layer comprises from 0.05% to 70% byweight of a third radio-opaque filler. Each radio-opaque filler isdifferent, and each radio-opaque filler has a different contrast fromeach other in an X-ray image.

Having briefly described the present invention, the above and furtherobjects, features and advantages thereof will be recognized by thoseskilled in the pertinent art from the following detailed description ofthe invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a golf ball with a core componentand a cover layer, and each layer comprising a radio-opaque filler.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a golf ball with an inner corelayer, an outer core layer, an inner mantle layer, an outer mantle layerand a cover layer, and some of the layers comprise a radio-opaquefiller.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a golf ball with a core component,an inner mantle layer, a secondary mantle layer, an intermediate mantlelayer, an outer mantle layer and a cover layer, and some of the layerscomprise a radio-opaque filler.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a golf ball with an inner corelayer, an outer core layer and a cover layer, and some of the layerscomprise a radio-opaque filler.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a golf ball with an inner corelayer, an outer core layer, an inner mantle layer, an outer mantlelayer, and a cover layer and each layer comprising a radio-opaquefiller.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart diagram of a method for utilizing an imagingmachine to determine a parameter of a finished golf ball.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an inner core layer under a 100kilogram load.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a core under a 100 kilogram load.

FIG. 9 is a graph of thickness based on pixels.

FIG. 10 is an X-ray image of a golf ball.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention allows for the use of various loadings or fillertypes in multiple layers on the ball to enable X-ray analysis of thoselayers, preferably in a single pass. Furthermore, existing prior art maybe specific to constructions and materials. This invention may beapplied more broadly.

A primary purpose of this invention is to load multiple layers of a golfball with different concentrations or types of radio-opaque materials,enabling layer thickness and concentricity/eccentricity measurements ofmultiple layers in a single pass through an X-ray machine. This isperformed with any number of X-ray analysis techniques that providecontrast differences between layers. It is possible to measurediameters, thicknesses, and eccentricities of all the layers/componentsin the ball.

The present invention discloses the loading of multiple layers of a golfball with various concentrations or types of radio-opaque fillers.Fillers include, but are not limited to, compounds based on barium,bismuth, tungsten, iodine, or reduced iron. The layers comprise thefillers preferably at 0.05% to 70% by weight. Ideally, each layer isdoped with different concentrations of the same or differentradio-opaque fillers. The X-Ray process is then be able to discern thevarious layers at either constant or variable X-ray power/intensity.

Features include the doping of multiple golf ball layers withsame/different concentrations of same/different radio-opaque fillers toprovide differential contrast in and X-ray process.

A golf ball 10 comprising a center core 12 made of polybutadiene and acover 16 layer disposed over the center core 12 is shown in FIG. 1. Eachof the center core 12 and the cover layer 16 comprises from 0.05% to 70%by weight of a radio-opaque filler, and the center core 12 has aconcentration of the radio-opaque filler that is measurably differentthan a concentration of radio-opaque filler in the cover 16 layer. Thecover layer is preferably composed of an ionomer material.

In a preferred embodiment, the separate layers comprise from 0.05% to70% by weight of a radio-opaque filler, and the layers each have aconcentration of the radio-opaque filler that is measurably differentthan a concentration of radio-opaque filler in the other layers thatcontain the radio-opaque filler. The radio-opaque filler is preferably acompound based on barium, bismuth, tungsten, iodine, or reduced iron.

FIG. 2 shows a five layer golf ball 10 further comprising an outer core12 b disposed over the center core 12 a, an inner mantle 14 a layerdisposed over the outer core 12 b, an outer mantle 14 b layer disposedover the inner mantle 14 a layer, and a cover 16 layer disposed over theouter mantle 14 b layer.

The inner mantle 14 a layer thickness preferably ranges from 0.03 inchto 0.09 inch and is composed of an ionomer material. The inner mantle 14a layer material preferably has a plaque Shore D hardness ranging from34 to 55. The outer mantle 14 b layer thickness preferably ranges from0.025 inch to 0.050 inch. The cover 16 layer thickness preferably rangesfrom 0.025 inch to 0.040 inch.

Each of the outer core 12 b, the inner mantle 14 a layer and the outermantle 14 b layer comprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of aradio-opaque filler, and each layer has a concentration of theradio-opaque filler that is measurably different than a concentration ofradio-opaque filler of any other layer.

In an alternative embodiment, the golf ball 10 comprises of an outercore 12 b, a center core 12 a, an inner mantle 14 a layer, an outermantle 14 b layer, and a cover 16 layer. The inner mantle 14 a layer hasa thickness ranging from 0.030 inch to 0.090 inch, and a plaque Shore Dhardness ranging from 30 to 50. The outer mantle 14 b layer has athickness ranging from 0.025 inch to 0.070 inch, and a plaque Shore Dhardness ranging from 50 to 71. The inner mantle 14 a is thicker thanthe outer mantle 14 b, and the outer mantle 14 b is harder than theinner mantle 14 a.

In this alternative embodiment, each of the outer core 12 b, the innermantle layer 14 a and the outer mantle 14 b layer comprises from 0.05%to 70% by weight of a radio-opaque filler, and each layer has aconcentration of the radio-opaque filler that is measurably differentthan a concentration of radio-opaque filler of any other layer.

In another alternative embodiment, the inner mantle 14 a layer has athickness ranging from 0.070 inch to 0.090 inch, and is composed of anionomer material. The inner mantle 14 a layer material preferably has aplaque Shore D hardness ranging from 36 to 44. In this embodiment, theouter mantle 14 b layer has a thickness ranging from 0.025 inch to 0.040inch, and is composed of an ionomer material. The outer mantle 14 blayer material preferably has a plaque Shore D hardness ranging from 65to 71. Further, in this embodiment, the cover 16 layer having athickness ranging from 0.025 inch to 0.040 inch.

FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of a golf ball 10. The golf ball10 is composed of multiple mantle layers. An inner mantle 14 a isdisposed over the center core 12, a first center mantle 14 c layer overthe inner mantle 14 a layer, a second center mantle 14 d layer over thefirst center mantle 14 c layer, an outer mantle 14 b layer over thesecond center mantle 14 d layer, and a cover 16 layer over the outermantle layer 14 b.

In this embodiment, the inner mantle 14 a has a thickness ranging from0.030 inch to 0.050 inch and is composed of an ionomer material. Theinner mantle layer material has a plaque Shore D hardness ranging from30 to 40. The first center mantle 14 c layer has a thickness rangingfrom 0.030 inch to 0.050 inch and is composed of a fully neutralizedpolymer material. The first center mantle 14 c layer material has aplaque Shore D hardness ranging from 40 to 55. The second center mantle14 d layer has a thickness ranging from 0.030 inch to 0.050 inch and isalso composed of a fully neutralized polymer material. The second centermantle 14 d layer material has a plaque Shore D hardness ranging from 45to 55. The outer mantle 14 b layer has a thickness ranging from 0.030inch to 0.050 inch and is composed of an ionomer material. The outermantle 14 b layer material has a plaque Shore D hardness ranging from 60to 75. The cover 16 layer has a thickness ranging from 0.025 inch to0.040 inch.

Further, in this embodiment, each of the mantle layers 14 a-14 dcomprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a radio-opaque filler, and eachlayer has a concentration of the radio-opaque filler that is measurablydifferent than a concentration of radio-opaque filler of any otherlayer.

In another alternative embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the golf ball 10comprises of a center core 12 a, an outer core 12 b, and a cover 16layer. Preferably, two of the center core 12 a, the outer core 12 b andthe cover 16 layer comprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of aradio-opaque filler, and the center core 12 a has a concentration of theradio-opaque filler that is measurably different than a concentration ofradio-opaque filler in the cover 16 layer.

In this embodiment, the radio-opaque filler is preferably a compoundbased on barium, bismuth, tungsten, iodine, or reduced iron. The cover16 layer is preferably composed of an ionomer material.

In yet another embodiment, the golf ball comprises of an inner mantlelayer, an outer mantle layer, and a cover layer. The inner mantle layerhas a thickness ranging from 0.03 inch to 0.09 inch, is composed of anionomer material, and has a plaque Shore D hardness ranging from 34 to55. The outer mantle layer has a thickness ranging from 0.025 inch to0.050 inch. The cover layer has a thickness ranging from 0.025 inch to0.040 inch.

In this embodiment, at least two of the center core, the outer core, theinner mantle layer, the outer mantle layer and the cover layer comprisesfrom 0.05% to 70% by weight of a radio-opaque filler, and wherein the atleast two of the center core, the outer core, the inner mantle layer,the outer mantle layer and the cover layer has a concentration of theradio-opaque filler that is measurably different than a concentration ofradio-opaque filler of any other layer.

In yet another embodiment, the golf ball comprises of an inner mantlelayer, an outer mantle layer, and a cover layer. The inner mantle layerhas a thickness ranging from 0.030 inch to 0.090 inch with a plaqueShore D hardness ranging from 30 to 50. The outer mantle layer has athickness ranging from 0.025 inch to 0.070 inch with a plaque Shore Dhardness ranging from 50 to 71. In this embodiment, the inner mantle isthicker than the outer mantle, and the outer mantle is harder than theinner mantle.

Further, in this embodiment, at least two of the center core, the outercore, the inner mantle layer, the outer mantle layer and the cover layercomprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a radio-opaque filler, andwherein the at least two of the center core, the outer core, the innermantle layer, the outer mantle layer and the cover layer has aconcentration of the radio-opaque filler that is measurably differentthan a concentration of radio-opaque filler of any other layer.

FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of a golf ball 10. The golf ball10 is composed of multiple layers. An outer core 12 b is disposed overan inner core 12 a. An inner mantle 14 a is disposed over the outer core12 b, and an outer mantle layer 14 b is disposed over the inner mantlelayer 14 a. A cover layer 16 is disposed over the outer mantle layer 14b. Each of the layers comprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight ofradio-opaque filler, and the concentration of the radio-opaque filler ismeasurably different in each layer.

In one embodiment, the golf ball 10 is a three-piece golf ball with acover layer 16, a mantle layer 14 and a core 12. The cover layer 16 ispreferably composed of a thermoplastic polyurethane material and 0.05%to 70% by weight of radio-opaque filler. In a preferably embodiment, themantle layer 14 is composed of 30 to 50 weight percent of a firstionomer, 30 to 50 weight percent of a second ionomer, 1 to 20 weightpercent of an impact modifier, 5 to 25 weight percent of BaSO4, and 0.1to 1.0 weight percent of a masterbatch. The core 12 is preferablycomposed of a first polybutadiene, a second polybutadiene, a zincdiacrylate, a zinc oxide, a zinc stearate, a peroxide, an organicsulfur, and 0.05% to 70% by weight of radio-opaque filler. The core 12preferably has a density ranging from 1.1 to 1.2, the mantle 14 has adensity ranging from 0.9 to 1.0, and the cover 16 preferably has adensity ranging from 1.0 to 1.25. The golf ball 10 preferably has a CORof at least 0.75.

In another embodiment, the golf ball 10 has a core 12, an inner mantlelayer 14 a, an outer mantle layer 14 b and a cover layer 16. The core 12is preferably composed of a first polybutadiene, a second polybutadiene,a zinc diacrylate, a zinc oxide, a zinc stearate, a peroxide, an organicsulfur, and 0.05% to 70% by weight of radio-opaque filler. The innermantle 14 a is preferably composed of an ionomer blend and 0.5% to 70%by weight of radio-opaque filler. The outer mantle layer 14 b iscomposed of an ionomer blend and 0.5% to 70% by weight of radio-opaquefiller. The cover layer 16 is preferably composed of a thermoplasticpolyurethane material and 0.5% to 70% by weight of radio-opaque filler.The inner mantle layer 14 a preferably has a Shore D hardness rangingfrom 41-60, the outer mantle layer 14 b preferably has a Shore Dhardness ranging from 64-71, and the cover layer 16 preferably has aShore D hardness ranging from 30-40. The core 12 preferably has adiameter ranging from 1.35 to 1.5 inches, the inner mantle layer 14 apreferably has a thickness ranging from 0.03 to 0.065 inch, the outermantle layer 14 b preferably has a thickness ranging from 0.03 to 0.070inch, and the cover layer 16 preferably has a thickness ranging from0.025 to 0.040 inch.

In another embodiment, the golf ball 10 is a three-piece golf ball witha cover layer 16, a mantle layer 14 and a core 12. The cover layer 16 ispreferably composed of a thermoplastic polyurethane material and 1.0% to20% by weight of a first radio-opaque filler selected from a compoundbased on bismuth, tungsten, iodine, or reduced iron. In a preferableembodiment, the mantle layer 14 is composed of 30 to 50 weight percentof a first ionomer, 30 to 50 weight percent of a second ionomer, 1 to 20weight percent of an impact modifier, 5 to 25 weight percent of a secondradio-opaque filler, which is preferably BaSO4, and 0.1 to 1.0 weightpercent of a masterbatch. The core 12 is preferably composed of a firstpolybutadiene, a second polybutadiene, a zinc diacrylate, a zinc oxide,a zinc stearate, a peroxide, an organic sulfur, and 1.0% to 25% byweight of a third radio-opaque filler selected from a compound based onbismuth, tungsten, iodine, or reduced iron, but different than the firstradio-opaque filler. The core 12 preferably has a density ranging from1.1 to 1.2, the mantle 14 has a density ranging from 0.9 to 1.0, and thecover 16 preferably has a density ranging from 1.0 to 1.25. The golfball 10 preferably has a COR of at least 0.75. Each radio-opaque fillerhas a different contrast in an X-ray image.

In another embodiment, the golf ball 10 has a core 12, an inner mantlelayer 14 a, an outer mantle layer 14 b and a cover layer 16. The core 12is preferably composed of a first polybutadiene, a second polybutadiene,a zinc diacrylate, a zinc oxide, a zinc stearate, a peroxide, an organicsulfur, and 1.0% to 25% by weight of first radio-opaque filler. Theinner mantle 14 a is preferably composed of an ionomer blend and 1.0% to25% by weight of a second radio-opaque filler. The outer mantle layer 14b is composed of an ionomer blend and 1.0% to 25% by weight of a thirdradio-opaque filler. The cover layer 16 is preferably composed of athermoplastic polyurethane material and 1.0% to 25% by weight of afourth radio-opaque filler. The inner mantle layer 14 a preferably has aShore D hardness ranging from 41-60, the outer mantle layer 14 bpreferably has a Shore D hardness ranging from 64-71, and the coverlayer 16 preferably has a Shore D hardness ranging from 30-40. The core12 preferably has a diameter ranging from 1.35 to 1.5 inches, the innermantle layer 14 a preferably has a thickness ranging from 0.03 to 0.065inch, the outer mantle layer 14 b preferably has a thickness rangingfrom 0.03 to 0.070 inch, and the cover layer 16 preferably has athickness ranging from 0.025 to 0.040 inch. The radio-opaque fillers areselected from a compound based on barium, bismuth, tungsten, iodine, orreduced iron. Each radio-opaque filler is different, and eachradio-opaque filler has a different contrast from each other in an X-rayimage.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart diagram of a method 600 for utilizing an imagingmachine to determine a parameter of a finished golf ball following steps601-602. A golf ball is loaded into an imaging machine, and the golfball is imaged to determine a parameter of the golf ball. The golf ballpreferably comprises a center core and a cover layer, and each layercomprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a radio-opaque filler, and eachlayer has a concentration of the radio-opaque filler that is measurablydifferent than a concentration of radio-opaque filler in the otherlayer.

The imaging machine is preferably an X-ray machine and the X-Ray processdiscerns the various layers at either constant or variable X-raypower/intensity.

The parameter is preferably at least one of a diameter, a thickness, oran eccentricity of one or all of the layers of the golf ball.

The golf ball of this method, in an alternative embodiment, comprises anouter core, a center core, an inner mantle layer, an outer mantle layer,and a cover layer. The inner mantle layer has a thickness ranging from0.03 inch to 0.09 inch, is composed of an ionomer material, and has aplaque Shore D hardness ranging from 34 to 55. The outer mantle layerhas a thickness ranging from 0.025 inch to 0.050 inch. The cover layerhas a thickness ranging from 0.025 inch to 0.040 inch. Each of the outercore, the inner mantle layer and the outer mantle layer comprises from0.05% to 70% by weight of a radio-opaque filler, and wherein each of theouter core, the inner mantle layer and the outer mantle layer has aconcentration of the radio-opaque filler that is measurably differentthan a concentration of radio-opaque filler of any other layer.

The golf ball of this method, in yet another alternative embodimentfurther comprises a mantle layer over the center core wherein the mantlelayer further comprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a radio-opaquefiller.

Preferably the inner core 12 a has a deflection of at least 0.230 inchunder a load of 220 pounds, and the core 12 has a deflection of at least0.080 inch under a load of 200 pounds. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a mass50 is loaded onto an inner core 12 a and a core 12. As shown in FIGS. 7and 8, the mass is 100 kilograms, approximately 220 pounds. Under a loadof 100 kilograms, the inner core 12 a preferably has a deflection from0.230 inch to 0.300 inch. Under a load of 100 kilograms, preferably thecore 12 has a deflection of 0.08 inch to 0.150 inch. Alternatively, theload is 200 pounds (approximately 90 kilograms), and the deflection ofthe core 12 is at least 0.080 inch. Further, a compressive deformationfrom a beginning load of 10 kilograms to an ending load of 130 kilogramsfor the inner core ranges from 4 millimeters to 7 millimeters and morepreferably from 5 millimeters to 6.5 millimeters. The dual coredeflection differential allows for low spin off the tee to providegreater distance, and high spin on approach shots.

FIG. 9 shows a process for producing a graph of thickness based onpixels. An initial image 901 is generated. Then at 902 an image withmultiple radial rays from a center through the cover is generated. Inthe image at 903, for each line, edge detection techniques are used tolocate the edges of the outer mantle (blue line) and cover (green line).In this case, moving averages were used. With the known edges, the outeredge (cover) is subtracted from the inner edge (outer mantle) to producea cover thickness in pixels. This is converted to inches or mm with asimple calibration to produce the graph 900.

FIG. 10 is an X-ray image of a golf ball 50. Using the image taken bythe X-ray unit, an operator can interrogate a layer for an inclusion1001. The inclusion 1001 appears as a difference pixelated colorindicating it has a significantly different density. When this occurs inthe rubber recipe, it is normally darker and indicates that powders arenot adequately dispersed within the polymer matrix. An inclusion couldlead to a premature durability failure. When an inclusion is found, thesoftware can compare it against a set of criteria and sort the defectivesample accordingly.

Preferably, the outer core is composed of a polybutadiene material, zincpenta chloride, organic peroxide, zinc stearate, zinc diacrylate andzinc oxide.

In a preferred embodiment, the cover is preferably composed of athermoplastic polyurethane material, and preferably has a thicknessranging from 0.025 inch to 0.04 inch, and more preferably ranging from0.03 inch to 0.04 inch. The material of the cover preferably has a ShoreD plaque hardness ranging from 30 to 60, and more preferably from 40 to50. The Shore D hardness measured on the cover is preferably less than56 Shore D. Preferably the cover 16 has a Shore A hardness of less than96. Alternatively, the cover 16 is composed of a thermoplasticpolyurethane/polyurea material. One example is disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 7,367,903 for a Golf Ball, which is hereby incorporated by referencein its entirety. Another example is Melanson, U.S. Pat. No. 7,641,841,which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Anotherexample is Melanson et al, U.S. Pat. No. 7,842,211, which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety. Another example is Matroni etal., U.S. Pat. No. 7,867,111, which is hereby incorporated by referencein its entirety. Another example is Dewanjee et al., U.S. Pat. No.7,785,522, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The mantle component is preferably composed of the inner mantle layerand the outer mantle layer. The mantle component preferably has athickness ranging from 0.05 inch to 0.15 inch, and more preferably from0.06 inch to 0.08 inch. The outer mantle layer is preferably composed ofa blend of ionomer materials. One preferred embodiment comprises SURLYN9150 material, SURLYN 8940 material, a SURLYN AD1022 material, and amasterbatch. The SURLYN 9150 material is preferably present in an amountranging from 20 to 45 weight percent of the cover, and more preferably30 to 40 weight percent. The SURLYN 8945 is preferably present in anamount ranging from 15 to 35 weight percent of the cover, morepreferably 20 to 30 weight percent, and most preferably 26 weightpercent. The SURLYN 9945 is preferably present in an amount ranging from30 to 50 weight percent of the cover, more preferably 35 to 45 weightpercent, and most preferably 41 weight percent. The SURLYN 8940 ispreferably present in an amount ranging from 5 to 15 weight percent ofthe cover, more preferably 7 to 12 weight percent, and most preferably10 weight percent.

SURLYN 8320, from DuPont, is a very-low modulus ethylene/methacrylicacid copolymer with partial neutralization of the acid groups withsodium ions. SURLYN 8945, also from DuPont, is a high acidethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer with partial neutralization of theacid groups with sodium ions. SURLYN 9945, also from DuPont, is a highacid ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer with partial neutralization ofthe acid groups with zinc ions. SURLYN 8940, also from DuPont, is anethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer with partial neutralization of theacid groups with sodium ions.

The inner mantle layer is preferably composed of a blend of ionomers,preferably comprising a terpolymer and at least two high acid (greaterthan 18 weight percent) ionomers neutralized with sodium, zinc,magnesium, or other metal ions. The material for the inner mantle layerpreferably has a Shore D plaque hardness ranging preferably from 35 to77, more preferably from 36 to 44, a most preferably approximately 40.The thickness of the outer mantle layer preferably ranges from 0.025inch to 0.050 inch, and is more preferably approximately 0.037 inch. Themass of an insert including the dual core and the inner mantle layerpreferably ranges from 32 grams to 40 grams, more preferably from 34 to38 grams, and is most preferably approximately 36 grams. The innermantle layer is alternatively composed of a HPF material available fromDuPont. Alternatively, the inner mantle layer 14 b is composed of amaterial such as disclosed in Kennedy, III et al., U.S. Pat. No.7,361,101 for a Golf Ball And Thermoplastic Material, which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

The outer mantle layer is preferably composed of a blend of ionomers,preferably comprising at least two high acid (greater than 18 weightpercent) ionomers neutralized with sodium, zinc, or other metal ions.The blend of ionomers also preferably includes a masterbatch. Thematerial of the outer mantle layer preferably has a Shore D plaquehardness ranging preferably from 55 to 75, more preferably from 65 to71, and most preferably approximately 67. The thickness of the outermantle layer preferably ranges from 0.025 inch to 0.040 inch, and ismore preferably approximately 0.030 inch. The mass of the entire insertincluding the core, the inner mantle layer and the outer mantle layerpreferably ranges from 38 grams to 43 grams, more preferably from 39 to41 grams, and is most preferably approximately 41 grams.

In an alternative embodiment, the inner mantle layer is preferablycomposed of a blend of ionomers, preferably comprising at least two highacid (greater than 18 weight percent) ionomers neutralized with sodium,zinc, or other metal ions. The blend of ionomers also preferablyincludes a masterbatch. In this embodiment, the material of the innermantle layer has a Shore D plaque hardness ranging preferably from 55 to75, more preferably from 65 to 71, and most preferably approximately 67.The thickness of the outer mantle layer preferably ranges from 0.025inch to 0.040 inch, and is more preferably approximately 0.030 inch.Also in this embodiment, the outer mantle layer 14 b is composed of ablend of ionomers, preferably comprising a terpolymer and at least twohigh acid (greater than 18 weight percent) ionomers neutralized withsodium, zinc, magnesium, or other metal ions. In this embodiment, thematerial for the outer mantle layer 14 b preferably has a Shore D plaquehardness ranging preferably from 35 to 77, more preferably from 36 to44, a most preferably approximately 40. The thickness of the outermantle layer preferably ranges from 0.025 inch to 0.100 inch, and morepreferably ranges from 0.070 inch to 0.090 inch.

In other golf balls, the inner mantle layer is thicker than the outermantle layer and the outer mantle layer is harder than the inner mantlelayer, the inner mantle layer is composed of a blend of ionomers,preferably comprising a terpolymer and at least two high acid (greaterthan 18 weight percent) ionomers neutralized with sodium, zinc,magnesium, or other metal ions. In this embodiment, the material for theinner mantle layer has a Shore D plaque hardness ranging preferably from30 to 77, more preferably from 30 to 50, and most preferablyapproximately 40. In this embodiment, the material for the outer mantlelayer has a Shore D plaque hardness ranging preferably from 40 to 77,more preferably from 50 to 71, and most preferably approximately 67. Inthis embodiment, the thickness of the inner mantle layer preferablyranges from 0.030 inch to 0.090 inch, and the thickness of the outermantle layer ranges from 0.025 inch to 0.070 inch.

Preferably the inner core has a diameter ranging from 0.75 inch to 1.20inches, more preferably from 0.85 inch to 1.05 inch, and most preferablyapproximately 0.95 inch. Preferably the inner core 12 a has a Shore Dhardness ranging from 20 to 50, more preferably from 25 to 40, and mostpreferably approximately 35. Preferably the inner core is formed from apolybutadiene, zinc diacrylate, zinc oxide, zinc stearate, a peptizerand peroxide. Preferably the inner core has a mass ranging from 5 gramsto 15 grams, 7 grams to 10 grams and most preferably approximately 8grams.

Preferably the outer core has a diameter ranging from 1.25 inch to 1.55inches, more preferably from 1.40 inch to 1.5 inch, and most preferablyapproximately 1.5 inch. Preferably the inner core has a Shore D surfacehardness ranging from 40 to 65, more preferably from 50 to 60, and mostpreferably approximately 56. Preferably the inner core is formed from apolybutadiene, zinc diacrylate, zinc oxide, zinc stearate, a peptizerand peroxide. Preferably the combined inner core and outer core have amass ranging from 25 grams to 35 grams, 30 grams to 34 grams and mostpreferably approximately 32 grams.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the golf ballpreferably has an aerodynamic pattern such as disclosed in Simonds etal., U.S. Pat. No. 7,419,443 for a Low Volume Cover For A Golf Ball,which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.Alternatively, the golf ball has an aerodynamic pattern such asdisclosed in Simonds et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,338,392 for An AerodynamicSurface Geometry For A Golf Ball, which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

Various aspects of the present invention golf balls have been describedin terms of certain tests or measuring procedures. These are describedin greater detail as follows.

As used herein, “Shore D hardness” of the golf ball layers is measuredgenerally in accordance with ASTM D-2240 type D, except the measurementsmay be made on the curved surface of a component of the golf ball,rather than on a plaque. If measured on the ball, the measurement willindicate that the measurement was made on the ball. In referring to ahardness of a material of a layer of the golf ball, the measurement willbe made on a plaque in accordance with ASTM D-2240. Furthermore, theShore D hardness of the cover is measured while the cover remains overthe mantles and cores. When a hardness measurement is made on the golfball, the Shore D hardness is preferably measured at a land area of thecover.

As used herein, “Shore A hardness” of a cover is measured generally inaccordance with ASTM D-2240 type A, except the measurements may be madeon the curved surface of a component of the golf ball, rather than on aplaque. If measured on the ball, the measurement will indicate that themeasurement was made on the ball. In referring to a hardness of amaterial of a layer of the golf ball, the measurement will be made on aplaque in accordance with ASTM D-2240. Furthermore, the Shore A hardnessof the cover is measured while the cover remains over the mantles andcores. When a hardness measurement is made on the golf ball, Shore Ahardness is preferably measured at a land area of the cover

The resilience or coefficient of restitution (COR) of a golf ball is theconstant “e,” which is the ratio of the relative velocity of an elasticsphere after direct impact to that before impact. As a result, the COR(“e”) can vary from 0 to 1, with 1 being equivalent to a perfectly orcompletely elastic collision and 0 being equivalent to a perfectly orcompletely inelastic collision.

COR, along with additional factors such as club head speed, club headmass, ball weight, ball size and density, spin rate, angle of trajectoryand surface configuration as well as environmental conditions (e.g.temperature, moisture, atmospheric pressure, wind, etc.) generallydetermine the distance a ball will travel when hit. Along this line, thedistance a golf ball will travel under controlled environmentalconditions is a function of the speed and mass of the club and size,density and resilience (COR) of the ball and other factors. The initialvelocity of the club, the mass of the club and the angle of the ball'sdeparture are essentially provided by the golfer upon striking. Sinceclub head speed, club head mass, the angle of trajectory andenvironmental conditions are not determinants controllable by golf ballproducers and the ball size and weight are set by the U.S.G.A., theseare not factors of concern among golf ball manufacturers. The factors ordeterminants of interest with respect to improved distance are generallythe COR and the surface configuration of the ball.

The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the outgoing velocity tothe incoming velocity. In the examples of this application, thecoefficient of restitution of a golf ball was measured by propelling aball horizontally at a speed of 125+/−5 feet per second (fps) andcorrected to 125 fps against a generally vertical, hard, flat steelplate and measuring the ball's incoming and outgoing velocityelectronically. Speeds were measured with a pair of ballistic screens,which provide a timing pulse when an object passes through them. Thescreens were separated by 36 inches and are located 25.25 inches and61.25 inches from the rebound wall. The ball speed was measured bytiming the pulses from screen 1 to screen 2 on the way into the reboundwall (as the average speed of the ball over 36 inches), and then theexit speed was timed from screen 2 to screen 1 over the same distance.The rebound wall was tilted 2 degrees from a vertical plane to allow theball to rebound slightly downward in order to miss the edge of thecannon that fired it. The rebound wall is solid steel.

As indicated above, the incoming speed should be 125±5 fps but correctedto 125 fps. The correlation between COR and forward or incoming speedhas been studied and a correction has been made over the ±5 fps range sothat the COR is reported as if the ball had an incoming speed of exactly125.0 fps.

The measurements for deflection, compression, hardness, and the like arepreferably performed on a finished golf ball as opposed to performingthe measurement on each layer during manufacturing.

Preferably, in a five layer golf ball comprising an inner core, an outercore, an inner mantle layer, an outer mantle layer and a cover, thehardness/compression of layers involve an inner core with the greatestdeflection (lowest hardness), an outer core (combined with the innercore) with a deflection less than the inner core, an inner mantle layerwith a hardness less than the hardness of the combined outer core andinner core, an outer mantle layer with the hardness layer of the golfball, and a cover with a hardness less than the hardness of the outermantle layer. These measurements are preferably made on a finished golfball that has been torn down for the measurements.

Preferably the inner mantle layer is thicker than the outer mantle layeror the cover layer. The dual core and dual mantle golf ball creates anoptimized velocity-initial velocity ratio (Vi/IV), and allows for spinmanipulation. The dual core provides for increased core compressiondifferential resulting in a high spin for short game shots and a lowspin for driver shots. A discussion of the USGA initial velocity test isdisclosed in Yagley et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,595,872 for a Golf Ball WithHigh Coefficient Of Restitution, which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety. Another example is Bartels et al., U.S. Pat.No. 6,648,775 for a Golf Ball With High Coefficient Of Restitution,which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Marshall et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,390,937 for a Method For Verifying TheConcentricity Of A Multiple Layer Golf Ball is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

Crast et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,632,877, for a Dual Curable Coating, ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Skrabski et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,337, for a Golf ball PaintingSystem, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Crast et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,365,679, for a Two component polyurethaneclear coat for golf balls, is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

Crast et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,165,564, for a UV Clearable Clear Coat ForGolf Balls, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Skrabski et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,319,563, for a Golf ball PaintingMethod, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Bartels, U.S. Pat. No. 9,278,260, for a Low Compression Three-Piece GolfBall With An Aerodynamic Drag Rise At High Speeds, is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

Chavan et al, U.S. Pat. No. 9,789,366, for a Graphene Core For A GolfBall, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Chavan et al, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/705,011, filed on Sep.14, 2017, for a Graphene Core For A Golf Ball, is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

Chavan et al, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/729,231, filed on Oct.10, 2017, for a Graphene And Nanotube Reinforced Golf Ball, is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

Petrich et al, U.S. patent Ser. No. 10/695,616 for a Graphene Core For AGolf Ball With A Soft Cover, is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

Jeon, U.S. patent Ser. No. 10/709,937 for a Golf Ball Core, is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

Caterina et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/178,159, filed onFeb. 17, 2021, for a Method And System Utilizing Imaging Analysis ForGolf Balls is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

From the foregoing it is believed that those skilled in the pertinentart will recognize the meritorious advancement of this invention andwill readily understand that while the present invention has beendescribed in association with a preferred embodiment thereof, and otherembodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, numerous changes,modifications and substitutions of equivalents may be made thereinwithout departing from the spirit and scope of this invention which isintended to be unlimited by the foregoing except as may appear in thefollowing appended claims. Therefore, the embodiments of the inventionin which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined inthe following appended claims.

I claim as my invention the following:
 1. A golf ball comprising: acenter core comprising polybutadiene; and a cover layer disposed overthe center core wherein the center comprises from 0.05% to 70% by weightof a first radio-opaque filler and the cover layer comprises from 0.05%to 70% by weight of a second radio-opaque filler that is different fromthe first radio-opaque filler and has a different contrast from thefirst radio-opaque filler in an X-ray image.
 2. The golf ball accordingto claim 1 wherein the first radio-opaque filler and the second firstradio-opaque filler are selected from a compound based on barium,bismuth, tungsten, iodine, or reduced iron.
 3. The golf ball accordingto claim 1 wherein the cover layer is composed of an ionomer material.4. The golf ball according to claim 1 further comprising: an outer coredisposed over the center core; an inner mantle layer disposed over theouter core, the inner mantle layer having a thickness ranging from 0.03inch to 0.09 inch, the inner mantle layer composed of an ionomermaterial, the inner mantle layer material having a plaque Shore Dhardness ranging from 34 to 55; an outer mantle layer disposed over theinner mantle layer, the outer mantle layer having a thickness rangingfrom 0.025 inch to 0.050 inch; and wherein the cover layer is disposedover the outer mantle layer, the cover layer has a thickness rangingfrom 0.025 inch to 0.040 inch; wherein each of the outer core, the innermantle layer and the outer mantle layer comprises from 0.05% to 70% byweight of different radio-opaque filler, and each radio-opaque fillerhas a different contrast from each other in an X-ray image.
 5. The golfball according to claim 1 wherein the core and the cover layer have thesame concentration of radio-opaque filler.
 6. The golf ball according toclaim 1 further comprising: an outer core disposed over the center core;an inner mantle layer disposed over the outer core, the inner mantlelayer having a thickness ranging from 0.030 inch to 0.090 inch, theinner mantle layer material having a plaque Shore D hardness rangingfrom 30 to 50; an outer mantle layer disposed over the inner mantlelayer, the outer mantle layer having a thickness ranging from 0.025 inchto 0.070 inch, the outer mantle layer material having a plaque Shore Dhardness ranging from 50 to 71, wherein the inner mantle is thicker thanthe outer mantle, and the outer mantle is harder than the inner mantle;and wherein the cover layer is disposed over the outer mantle layer;wherein each of the outer core, the inner mantle layer and the outermantle layer comprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of differentradio-opaque filler, and each radio-opaque filler has a differentcontrast from each other in an X-ray image.
 7. The golf ball accordingto claim 1 further comprising: an outer core disposed over the centercore; an inner mantle layer disposed over the outer core, the innermantle layer having a thickness ranging from 0.070 inch to 0.090 inch,the inner mantle layer composed of an ionomer material, the inner mantlelayer material having a plaque Shore D hardness ranging from 36 to 44;an outer mantle layer disposed over the inner mantle layer, the outermantle layer having a thickness ranging from 0.025 inch to 0.040 inch,the outer mantle layer composed of an ionomer material, the outer mantlelayer material having a plaque Shore D hardness ranging from 65 to 71;and wherein the cover layer is disposed over the outer mantle layer, thecover layer having a thickness ranging from 0.025 inch to 0.040 inch;wherein each of the outer core, the inner mantle layer and the outermantle layer comprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a differentradio-opaque filler, and each radio-opaque filler has a differentcontrast from each other in an X-ray image.
 8. The golf ball accordingto claim 1 further comprising: an inner mantle layer disposed over thecenter core, the inner mantle layer having a thickness ranging from0.030 inch to 0.050 inch, the inner mantle layer material having aplaque Shore D hardness ranging from 30 to 40, the inner mantle layercomposed of a composed of an ionomer material; a first center mantlelayer disposed over the inner mantle layer, the first center mantlelayer having a thickness ranging from 0.030 inch to 0.050 inch, thefirst center mantle layer material having a plaque Shore D hardnessranging from 40 to 55, the first center mantle layer composed of a fullyneutralized polymer material; a second center mantle layer disposed overthe second center mantle layer, the second center mantle layer having athickness ranging from 0.030 inch to 0.050 inch, the second centermantle layer material having a plaque Shore D hardness ranging from 45to 55, the second center mantle layer composed of a fully neutralizedpolymer material; an outer mantle layer disposed over the second centermantle layer, the outer mantle layer having a thickness ranging from0.030 inch to 0.050 inch, the outer mantle layer composed of an ionomermaterial, the outer mantle layer material having a plaque Shore Dhardness ranging from 60 to 75; and wherein the cover layer is disposedover the outer mantle layer, the cover layer having a thickness rangingfrom 0.025 inch to 0.040 inch; wherein each of the inner mantle layer,the first center mantle layer, the second center mantle layer, and theouter mantle layer comprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a differentradio-opaque filler, and each radio-opaque filler has a differentcontrast from each other in an X-ray image.
 9. The golf ball accordingto claim 1 further comprising: an inner mantle layer disposed over thecenter core, the inner mantle layer having a thickness ranging from0.030 inch to 0.050 inch, the inner mantle layer material having aplaque Shore D hardness ranging from 30 to 40, the inner mantle layercomposed of an ionomer material; a first center mantle layer disposedover the inner mantle layer, the first center mantle layer having athickness ranging from 0.030 inch to 0.050 inch, the first center mantlelayer material having a plaque Shore D hardness ranging from 40 to 55,the first center mantle layer composed of a fully neutralized polymermaterial; a second center mantle layer disposed over the second centermantle layer, the second center mantle layer having a thickness rangingfrom 0.030 inch to 0.050 inch, the second center mantle layer materialhaving a plaque Shore D hardness ranging from 45 to 55, the secondcenter mantle layer composed of a fully neutralized polymer material; anouter mantle layer disposed over the second center mantle layer, theouter mantle layer having a thickness ranging from 0.030 inch to 0.050inch, the outer mantle layer composed of a blend of ionomers, the outermantle layer material having a plaque Shore D hardness ranging from 60to 75; and wherein the cover layer is disposed over the outer mantlelayer, the cover layer having a thickness ranging from 0.025 inch to0.040 inch; wherein each of the inner mantle layer, the first centermantle layer, the second center mantle layer, and the outer mantle layercomprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a different radio-opaquefiller, and each radio-opaque filler has a different contrast from eachother in an X-ray image.
 10. A golf ball comprising: a center core; anouter core; and a cover layer disposed over the center core wherein thecenter core comprises from 0.05% to 70% by weight of a firstradio-opaque filler, the outer core comprises from 0.05% to 70% byweight of a second radio-opaque filler and the cover layer comprisesfrom 0.05% to 70% by weight of a third radio-opaque filler, wherein eachradio-opaque filler is different, and each radio-opaque filler has adifferent contrast from each other in an X-ray image.
 11. The golf ballaccording to claim 10 wherein the first radio-opaque filler, the secondfirst radio-opaque filler and the third radio-opaque filler are selectedfrom a compound based on barium, bismuth, tungsten, iodine, or reducediron.